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    Importance Of Solutions In Chemistry

    The solution is a unique homogeneous mixture formed from two or more substances in relative amounts that can vary continuously up to the solubility limit. The particle size of the solution is less than 1 nm, and the components of the solutions seem to be in a single phase.

    The solution is composed of two or more substances. The substance dissolved in another substance is referred to as a solute. In contrast, a solvent is a substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution.

    Solute

    A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent. The amount of solute in a solution is always less than the amount of solvent. A solute can be of three types, .i.e solid, liquid and gaseous solute. For example, salt is a solute in salt water, while water is a solvent.

    Solvent

    A solvent is a substance dissolved in another substance to form a solution. The amount of solvent in a solution is always more than the amount of solute. It is of four types .i.e polar, non-polar, protic and aprotic solvent.

    Types of solvent
    1. Polar solvent: A polar solvent is a kind of solvent having a sizable partial charge or dipole moment. A polar solvent dissolves polar compounds and ions. Examples: acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol.
    2. Non-polar solvent: A non-polar solvent has zero dipole moment. They have a minor electronegativity difference, or we can also say that the bond between the atoms has almost equal electronegativity. Examples: benzene, toluene and xylene.
    3. Protic solvent: A protic solvent is a solvent that has a proton (H+) bound to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Examples: water and ethanol.
    4. Aprotic solvent: An aprotic solvent does not have a proton (H+) bound to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Examples: benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulphide.
    Difference between Solute and Solvent

    Solute and solvent are the two components of the solution. The primary difference between solute and solvent is that a solute is added to a solvent to form a solution. Solute and solvent are the two components of the solution. Solute vs solvent is tabulated below.

    Parameter Solute Solvent
    Definition A solute is a substance dissolved in a solvent. A solvent is a substance dissolved in another substance to form a solution.
    Quantity The amount of solute in a solution is always less than the amount of solvent. The amount of solvent in a solution is always more than the amount of solute.
    Boiling Point The boiling point of the solute is more than the solvent. The boiling point of the solvent is less than the solute.
    Solubility The solubility of the solute is determined by its surface area and molecular size. The solubility of the solvent is determined by its polarity.
    Physical State It exists in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state. It exists primarily in the liquid form but can be gaseous too.
    Heat Transfer Heat is transferred to the solute in a solution. Heat is moved from the liquid to the solution.
    Example For example, salt is a solute in salt water, while water is a solvent. For example, water is a solvent in salt water, while salt is a solute.

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